The decline of the Javan rhinoceros is attributed to poaching, primarily for their horns, which are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine, fetching as much as US$30,000 per kg on the black market. A second population in Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam was declared by some conservation groups to be extinct in 2011. It is possibly the rarest large mammal on Earth, :21 with a population of as few as 58 to 61 in Ujung Kulon National Park at the western tip of Java in Indonesia.
The species is critically endangered, with only one known population in the wild, and no individuals in captivity. Once the most widespread of Asian rhinoceroses, the Javan rhinoceros ranged from the islands of Java and Sumatra, throughout Southeast Asia, and into India and China. Only adult males have horns females lack them altogether. Its horn is usually shorter than 25 cm (9.8 in), and is smaller than those of the other rhino species. It belongs to the same genus as the Indian rhinoceros, and has similar mosaicked, armour-like skin, but at 3.1–3.2 m (10–10 ft) in length and 1.4–1.7 m (4.6–5.6 ft) in height, it is smaller (closer in size to the black rhinoceros of the genus Diceros).
The Javan rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sondaicus), also known as the Sunda rhinoceros or lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is a very rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses.
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